Evolution of New Zealand's fisheries management frameworks to prevent overfishing

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Since 1986, New Zealand has managed its fisheries using a Quota Management System based on Individual Transferable Quotas. As is the case for many other fisheries organisations, New Zealand’s Fisheries Act requires a management target based on maximum sustainable yield (MSY), although the specific wording implies that this should be achieved by maintaining the stock biomass near or above the biomass level associated with MSY (i.e. BMSY).