Quantification of long-term variations in oceanic pH and uptake of CO2: comparative assessment in three different regional ecosystems.

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We present long-term hindcast simulations using the model ECOSMO II in the North Sea, Baltic Sea and Barents Sea. In each region, the long-term changes in pH and ocean-atmosphere CO2 relate differently with physical variables (temperature and circulation), primary production and climate oscillations (NAO and AMO). The results indicate the interannual to decadal variability of the carbonate system is modulated by different processes to a different extent in the areas studied.