Guidelines for passive sampling of hydrophobic contaminants in water using silicone rubber samplers

This ICES Techniques in Marine Environmental Sciences provides advice on the use of silicone rubber passive samplers for the determination of freely dissolved non‐polar contaminants in seawater. The level of detail offered may be helpful to first‐time users of passive samplers, who wish to implement passive sampling methods in their monitoring programmes, and to more experienced users to review their current methods. The aspects covered by these guidelines include pre‐extraction, spiking with performance reference compounds, deployment, retrieval, extraction, clean‐up,
chemical analysis, and calculation of aqueous concentrations.