ICES Advice 2007, Book 8 - Baltic Sea

8 THE BALTIC SEA 1

8.1 Ecosystem Overview 1

8.1.1 Ecosystem Components 1

8.1.2 Major environmental influences on ecosystem dynamics 4

8.2 The human impacts on the ecosystem 4

8.2.1 Fishery effects on benthos and fish communities 4

8.2.2 Other effects of human use of the ecosystem 5

8.2.3 Conclusions 5

8.2.4 References 5

8.3 Assessments and advice 11

8.3.1 Stock Trends 11

8.3.2 ICES advice for fisheries management 15

8.3.3 Special requests 25

8.3.3.1 Quality assurance of biological measurements 25

8.3.3.2 Quality assurance of chemical measurements 27

8.3.3.3 EC request for advice of active gears targeting cod in the Baltic 28

8.4 Stock summaries 38

8.4.1 Cod in Subdivisions 22-24 (including Subdivision 23) 38

8.4.2 Cod in Subdivisions 25-32 47

8.4.3 Herring in Subdivisions 22-24 and Division IIIa (spring spawners) (see section 6.4.17 (North Sea) 58

8.4.4 Herring in Subdivisions 25-29 (excluding Gulf of Riga herring) and 32 59

8.4.5 Herring in the Gulf of Riga 68

8.4.6 Herring in Subdivision 30, Bothnian Sea 76

8.4.7 Herring in Subdivision 31, Bothnian Bay 85

8.4.8 Sprat in Subdivisions 22-32 89

8.4.9 Flounder 100

8.4.10 Plaice 107

8.4.11 Dab 110

8.4.12 Turbot in Subdivisions 22 to 32 112

8.4.13 Brill in Subdivisions 22 to 32 115

8.4.14 Salmon in the Main Basin and the Gulf of Bothnia (Subdivisions 22-31) 117

8.4.15 Salmon in the Gulf of Finland (Subdivision 32) 135

8.4.16 Sea Trout in the Baltic 143