OSPAR request on non-indigenous species

ICES analyzed data on the presence and distribution of marine non-indigenous species collated from the Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe database (DAISIE ) and from ICES member countries. Over 160 marine species have been identified in OSPAR regions. However, it is likely that this number under represents the total number of species as long-term monitoring and recording data are not available for many species. Also, for some groups of non-indigenous species, taxonomic identification can be difficult and it is possible that some species are currently misidentified. As identification techniques become more sophisticated, it is likely that the list of non-indigenous species will increase. It is not possible to provide the information requested by OSPAR in relation to species abundance as the available data for the OSPAR maritime region are limited.

An overview assessment of distribution has been provided for seven plant species, 23 invertebrate species, and one protozoan. Of the 160 invasive species identified, these species are problematic invaders that can have human health, economic, and ecological impacts. The summarised data includes information on how the species were introduced. Aquaculture, via deliberate transfers and as attachments on imported cultured shellfish, has been a major vector of initial introductions. Ballast water from ships, hull fouling, and fishing activities are then secondary anthropogenic vectors that have moved species to other locations. Many of these species have economic impacts, e.g., as fouling organisms on aquaculture facilities or affecting harvests. In addition, fouling of hulls, docks, piers, and other man-made structures are a nuisance and incur economic costs.

Summary case studies are provided for three non-indigenous species; the Pacific oyster, the red king crab, and the leathery sea squirt. These case studies give an overview of the species and include information regarding where they were first introduced and how they have subsequently spread.