Report of the Working Group on Interactive Physical-biological and Ecosystem-Modelling

The Working Group on Integrative, Physical-biological, and Ecosystem Modelling (WGIPEM) held its first meeting in Copenhagen, Denmark at ICES Headquarters from 13–16 March, 2012. The meeting was attended by 50 scientists from 15 countries. Working group members discussed recent advances in biological-physical modelling at various levels of complexity including hydrodynamic models, lower trophic level (NPZD) models, individual-based models (IBMs) for specific groups / species, topo-logical and spatially explicit foodweb models, and end-to-end models